Radiant energy receiver



G. V. RYLSKY RADIANT ENERGY RECE IVER Sept. 20, 1949.

2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed March 15, 1944 INVENTOR ATTORNEY G. V. RYLSKY RADIANT ENERGY RECEIVER Sept; 20, 1949.

2 sheets-sha 2 Filed March 13, 1944 INVENTOR Greg Or L R lsky.

Q L 4M. ATTORNEY The assembly thus described is surrounded bya casing 22 having a sealing and insulating memv ber 23 therebetween, the lower end ofthe casing being threaded for the reception of a retaining ring 24 which maintains thejentire assembly in a fixed condition. H V

The outer edge of insulating member I8 and cup member I9 is milled down'to thereby define a space or chamber 25 which is in communication with outer chamber 13 by virtue of a series'of openings 26. Moreover, chamber is in restricted communication with space byway of an .orificer2'! formed in member [9 while chamber I2 is in restricted communication with chamber l3 by virtue of an orifice 28.

In accordance with the present invention novel 7 means are now provided, whiclijact in them.- ture of a variable capacity condenser, such means comprising a flexible diaphragm 29 sealably secured to the free end of cup member l9 and a second flexible diaphragm 30 sealably secured to close the open end of chamber l2. Diaphragm 29 constitutes one plate of the condenser and is electrically connected by means of a conductor 3| to the input of a suitable amplifier 32 while dia- '4 maintained by both diaphragms during a coildition of rest and it follows that if such an arrangement is subjected to sudden shock, accelerations or vibrations, both diaphragms, because they are designed to have the same masses and the same elastic characteristics so that they will have the same natural period of oscillations, will be deflected in the same direction in the manner shown in Figure 4 which means that as a result of the shock or vibrations the capacity of the condenser remains unchanged so that device 34 is unafiected by these extraneous forces and thereby responds only to radiant energy falling upon the dark substance within chamber I 3.

There is thus provided a novel radiant energy receiver cell in which the sensitive elements or diaphragms are arranged to be deflected in opposite directions in response to radiant energy to phragm 30 constitutes the other plate of the condenser and is electrically connected by means of a conductor 33 to the input of the amplifier. Member Is insulates one side of the circuit from the other and any suitable indicating, recording or controlling device 34 may be associated with the output of the amplifier. I V

When the above-described cell is exposed to a source of radiant energy, the dark substance within chamber 13 responds to the radiant 'ent ergy in that its temperature is raised and gasses are released thereby which are communicated by way of openings 26 and space 25 to the space between diaphragms 29 and 30 whereby the latter are caused to flex or expand in opposite directions in the manner shown in Figure5. As a result of such action the capacitance of the condenser is changed and device 34 responds to such change.

The arrangement'of openings 26 is such that it insures the least minimum of resistance to the propagation of pressure waves into the space between the two diaphragms. All of thespaced chambers, i. e., chambers l2,-|3, 2D, 25 and the space between the diaphragms are filled with air Moreover,

or CO2 or some other suitable gas. chambers l2 and 20 are large'enough so that they do not produce any appreciable counter-pressure against the flexing diaphragms. Orifices 21 and 28 between chambers 20-and space:25 and between chambers I2 and I3 serve as equalizers of the pressure within all-of the chambers of the cell which might otherwise become unbalanced due to changes in ambient temperature.

The present novel arrangement of diaphragms 29 and '30 is such that thedisadvantages surrounding known radiant energy receiver cells requiring a stationary and a relatively movable condenser plate has been overcome; Reference is made to Figure 3 which illustrates the position thereby vary the capacitance of the condenser formed by the elements or diaphragms and one in which the samerelements or diaphragms defleet in the same direction in response to sudden shocks, accelerations or vibrations so that at such time the capacitance of the condenser remains unchanged whereby the cell is sensitive to radiant energy only and free from the efiects of ex- I traneou's forces other. than the radiant energy.

The cell above described and illustrated in Figures 1 to 5, inclusive, utilizes the condenser principle whereby the capacitance of an electrical circuit is varied in proportion to the radiant energy impressed upon the cell. Substantially the same result may be obtained by providing generators of electrical potential which will operate in response to pressure variations caused by radiant energy being impressed upon the dark substance within chamber [3. To thisend, therefore, reference'is made to Figure 6 to 8, inclusive, wherein is shown a second embodiment of the invention using pairs of plates or crystals 40 and ll formed of Rochellesalts. These plates are sealably secured to the open ends of chambers l2 and 20 in place of diaphragms 29 and 3B, and the remainder of the cell is substantially the same as shown in Figure 1.

The upper end of plate 40 is connected with a suitable outlet conductor 42 while the top of plate 4| is likewise connected with an outlet conductor 43, the two bottom ends of the plates being interconnected by a conductor 44 so that the-two plates are series connected and conductors 42 and 43 may be associated with the input of amplifier 32 of Figure 1. H

The two plates 40 and 4| are shown in a condition of rest or equilibrium in Figure 6 wherein no charges have been developed by the plates so that no potential difierence exists across iconductors 42 and 43. As soon, however, as radiant conductors Hand 43 for the reason that a potential difierence is generated across the top and bottom of both plates, the upper side of plate 40 becoming positive with respect to lower side while the lower side of plate 4| becomes positive with respect to its upper side. Thus, by virtue 'of the connection shown a current flows in conductors 42 and 43."If, however, the cell is'subjected to sudden shocks or, vibrations, the two plates be.- come deflected in the samedirection in the manea stints in tapides tr botli-pla' s t ccfiiepesiave Hi6 whre'in the top of plate 4052M Plates and '4 l', th er' rere, b'e'caii's er 'thea r' rasgemeet destined, deflect a positesiress i- Insteaact being Connected in; a Siis felatiofi, E 1,

plates 40- and M maybe connected-ma parallel relation" and to thiseiidreference is made to Fi d the bottom fplated l are cc iectee to-a cbnd tor =50 while the bottom of plate '40 'aiid tlie top of plate-4| are connected to a'coiidut'o'r" 51; Th'opefation et this embodiment is substaritiall'y'-- the same as that o'f'the eiribodiine of Figures fi -te'ii-i-in cltisiv'e; iri thatupon a pressure change tween plates-40 v I the dark substance ofc'ha'mb'r I3; plates '40 and 41 are deflected iii' dpiiosite directions, as Figure 11 andthe 'positivecharges-de veit sa at the-top of plate! and the bottom of plate 4| are led-off by cana ctor eu and tlie r'iega tive charges deveiopeaat the tcttern-ot'piate-4o and the top of'plate 44 are-led ofi by conductor 51-.- Ii'iase ofshocks oi' 'vib'rations applidto'tliie cell, the plates are ca sed t6 deneetm same directiemshcwn'inFigure10, so that the same charges appear across bothconductors 50 and and no current flows as a result thereof.

A-novel radiant energy receiver cell has thus been provided which respondsyalg i i 1sensitive only to radiant venergy andis unafiected by sudden shock's or'yibratiorl's'iiripressed upon the cell.

Although several embodiments of theipresent invention have been illustrated and described in detaiLcitxis to be expressly, understood. that the invention is not limited thereto. i-Variou's changes may be, made in the design and arrangementof parts without departing from-the spirit andgscope of the invention, as will now be understood by those skilled in the art. For a definition of the limits of the invention, reference will be had primarily to the appended claims.

I claim:

1. Radiant energy receiving apparatus comprising a casing, a variable capacity condenser comprising a pair of spaced resilient diaphragms in said casing and defining a variable pressure chamber therebetween, means responsive to radiant energy to effect changes in pressure within said chamber whereby said diaphragms are actuated in opposite directions to vary the capacity of said condenser, said diaphragms being arranged to be actuated in the same direction in response to forces other than that provided by said last-named means whereby the capacity of said condenser remains substantially unchanged, and an electrical circuit incorporating said condenser and operated thereby.

2. Radiant energy receiving apparatus comprising a casing, a variable capacity condenser comprising a pair of spaced pressure responsive members in said casing and defining a variable volume pressure chamber therebetween, means responsive to radiant energy to effect changes in pressure Within said chamber whereby said members are actuated in opposite directions to vary with r street te their} ies t we setters sites-st teat thepotestraruetenpen acre" templates is tfi 1 ity ef 'said eoiideriser, and electrical means me 41, dii'to radia t-energy falling Y tii of 's'fifidchamber sea teeter the ce pacity of said condenser, -a'rid-' electrit';ail circuit containing-"said members and operated there y w en said inb'e reactuated msaia opposite directions; said-men; eis beieg arrafigee for satiation inthesaiiie direction iri' response to 'vibiations iifipsed said casing wnereb the volume er said ehaniber re ains substantifilly ten-stem 'ar'id 'said circuit remains imperative anti-slant energy receiving" apparatus-tompi'isingaeasing, a variable capacity tneenser semen-sing: a first plate in th' rennet el -flittiahiagfii mounted in said casing and a 'seoiid plate in the form of a second diaphragm moan-tea in said eatingand spaced from saidfirst d' 'pliragrfimeans said casing-responsitto diiit neig'y teffeetchanges in pressure in space betweeri both of said diaplirag'rns-to atti ate said diaphra m" and thereby'vary the ca ateu-tythe change in capatity er saiacenuehser. 4 Radiant energyreceiving apparatus prising (Easing, a' variable' capacity-actuating comprising a pair or spaces diaphragnis i'r-i' said casifi'g a chamber in: said casin and coin eating with the 's ae'betweensaid diapers s, means in said chamber responsive to rad" t energy to erect changesinpfessure in the ace between both or said diaphragm wherebythe ca acity of said condenser is varied; ana -1ee+ tric'al means operated by the" change in tenacity of- 'sald condenser.

5. :Radiant energy receiving-ap aratus tern-- p'ii'sing-a casing; a variable capacity condenser comprising a pair-'of-spac'ed 'y'ieldable' members iii 'saidcasing; a chamber said-canteens cemmunicating With the space between said their bers, means in said chamber-responsive to ra= diaiit energy toefiect changes in pressure in th space betweenbeth of said members whereby-the capacity or Said condenser is varied, and-tease tric'ial circuit incorporatingsaia c naensse i id operated thieby. I I I:

Radiant energy receivi'rig apparatuscoinprising a ca'sih'g having 'two closed chambers; a pair of -spaced pressure responsive-members} e of said members being eiiposed' to the of said chambers and other being exptsa: to the other of said chambers, a third chamber in said casing, and an annular member located adjacent one of said closed chambers and having a series of perforations for communicating said third chamber with the space between both of said members, means in said third chamber responsive to radiant energy to effect changes in pressure in the space between both of said members to actuate said members, electrical means operated by the actuation of said members, and means providing restricted communication between said two closed chambers and said third chamber.

7. Radiant energy receiving apparatus comprising a casing having two closed chambers, a variable capacity'condenser comprising a pair of spaced diaphragms, one of said diaphragms being exposed to one of said chambers and the other being exposed to the other of said chambers, a third chamber in said casing and communicating with the space between said diaphragms, means in said third chamber responsive to radiant energy to effect changes in pressure in the space between said diaphragms to thereby vary the capacity of said condenser, electrical means incorporating said condenser and operated in accordance with the changes of capacity 75 thereof, and means providing restricted com- .niunication between said two closed chambers and said third chamber. V 1 I 8. Radiant energy receiving apparatus comprisinga casing having two closed chamberaa pair of spaced yieldable crystals, one ofsaid crystals being exposed to one of said chambers and the other being exposed to the otherof, said chambers, a third chamber in said casing, an annular member having a series of perforations for communicating said third chamber with the space between said crystals, means in said third chamber responsive to radiant energy toefiect changes in pressure in the space between said crystals to thereby actuate said crystals, electrical means incorporating said crystals and operated by the actuation of said crystals, and means providing restricted communication between said closed chambers and said third chamber.

9. Radiant energy receiving apparatus comprising a casing having two chambers, a. pair of spaced pressure responsive members, one of said members closing one of said chambers and the other of said members closing the other of said chambers, a third chamber in said casing surrounding one of said two chambers, an annular perforated member adjacent one of said two chambers communicating said third chamber with the space between both of said members, means in said third chamber responsive to radiant energy to effect changes in pressure in the space between both of said members to actuate said members, electrical means operated by the actuation of said members, and means providing restricted communication between said first two chambers and said third chamber.

10. Radiant energy receiving apparatus comprising a casing, a pair of spaced yieldable plates within said casing and defining a variable pressure chamber therebetween, means responsive to radiant energy to efiect changes in pressure within said chamber whereby said plates are actuated in opposite directions to generate a diflference of electrical potential therebetween, and an electrical circuit operated by said plates, said plates having their bottom ends electrically connected with each other and the top ends thereof connected with said circuit.

11. Radiant energy receiving apparatus commeans comprising a pair of spaced pressureresponsive members, one of said members closing one of said chambers and the other of said members closing the other of said chambers, a first annular member surrounding one of said chambers and insulating one of said pressure responsive members from the other, a third chamber insaid casing surrounding the other of said two chambers, a second annular member having aseries of perforations therein and located adjacent the other of. said two chambers for/com;-

- municating said third chamber with the space between both of said pressure responsive members, means in'said third chamber responsive to radiant energy to effect changes in pressure in the space between both of said pressure responsive members for the actuation thereof in Opposite directions, electrical means operated by the actuation ofsaid members, and means providing restricted communication between saidfirst two chambers and said third chamber.

' GREGORY V; RYLSKY, 7

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the flleof this patent:

V UNITED sTATEsPATENTs Number Name Date 1,954,204 Hayes Apr. 10, 1934 2,115,578 Hall Aprf26, 1938 2,144,519 Wilson Jan. 17, 1939 2,278,936 Lindsay -1 Apr. '7, 1942 Lindsay 'Oct. 19, 1943 

